Dr Russell Talks Patho

Fluids and Electrolytes

This episode covers how changes in water and electrolytes affect cellular function.  We discuss sodium, potassium and calcium irregularities as well as respiratory and metabolic acidosis/alkalosis.

Altered Cells - Cellular Damage and Adaptation

This episode discusses the various was cells can be damaged, such as hypoxic injury, chemical injury and blunt force trauma.  It then explains the various ways cells will respond or adapt that that damage/stressor like atrophy or hypertrophy, and finally we talk about cell death, apotosis, and necrosis.

Restrictive and Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders

This episode covers aspiration, acute respiratory distress syndrome, atelectasis, pneumothorax, pleura effusions, asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Disorders of the Heart

This episode covers, endocardial (valvular), conduction (ECG), myocardial (myopathies), pericardial (effusions) disorders and shock.  Many of these are a result of cardiovascular/heart disease and complications of acute coronary syndromes.  These include: 
Endocardial Disorders:  Valvular Stenosis/Regurgitation, Infective Endocarditis/Rheumatic Heart Disease, Dysrhythmias, (PAC, SVT, Atrial Flutter, AFib, PVC, VT, VFib, Heart blocks/Bundle Branch blocks), Heart Failure (L/R, Systolic/Diastolic), 
Cardiomyopathies:  dilated, restrictive and hypertrophic.
Pericardial Disorders:  acute/chronic pericarditis, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, circulatory shock and pulsus paradoxus.
Shock:  Cardiogenic, Hypovolemic/Hemorrhagic, Neurogenic, Anaphylactic, Septic and complications of shock (ARDS, renal failure, DIC).

White Blood Cell Disorders

This episode discusses, lymphomas and leukemias.

Red Blood Cell and Platelet Disorders

This episode covers polycythemia and anemias as well as hyper and hypo coagulability states.

Vascular Disorders

This episode introduces the processes of perfusion, thrombi and emboli (blood clot) formation as well as infarcts.   On the arterial side, we dive into the pathogenesis of peripheral artery disease, arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis. Clinical manifestations covered include: carotid & coronary artery disease, aneurysm, arterial dissection (dissecting aneurysm) and treatments discussed include angiography and angioplasty.  Special attention is given to coronary artery disease, stable angina, and acute coronary syndromes like myocardial infarction (heart attack).  On the venous side we discuss chronic venous insufficiency, venous stasis ulcers, varicose veins. esophageal varices, portal hypertension, hemorrhoids, and deep vein thrombosis. Systemic vascular disorders such as hypertension, orthostatic hypotension and discussed briefly.

Obesity

This episode discusses the epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis of obesity.

Diabetes Mellitus

This episode discusses Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and compares their pathophysiology with Diabetes Insipidus.

Motor Disorders and Seizures

This episode discusses motor disorders such as Parkinson Disease,  Huntington Disease, Multiple Sclerosis and ALS.  The end of the episode discusses the different types of seizures.